What is view state?

Different types of state management?

There are two different types of state management:

1. Client Side State Management
   • View State
   • Hidden Field
   • Cookies
   • Control State
2. Server Side State Management
   • Session
   • Application Object
   • Caching
   • Database

Client Side state management does not use any server resource , it store information using client side option. Server Side state management use server side resource for store data. Selection of client side and server side state management should be based on your requirements and the selection criteria that are already given.

What is view state?

View State is one of the most important and useful client side state management mechanism. It can store the page value at the time of post back (Sending and Receiving information from Server) of your page. ASP.NET pages provide the ViewState property as a built-in structure for automatically storing values between multiple requests for the same page.

Example:

If you want to add one variable in View State,

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 ViewState["Var"]=Count;

For Retrieving information from View State

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string Test=ViewState["TestVal"];

Sometimes you may need to typecast ViewState Value to retreive. As I give an Example to strore and retreive object in view state  in the last of  this article.

Advantages of view state?

This are the main advantage of using View State:

• Easy to implement
• No server resources are required
• Enhanced security features ,like it can be encoded and compressed.

Disadvantages of view state?

This are the main disadvantages of using View State:

• It can be performance overhead if we are going to store larger amount of data , because it is associated with page only.
• Its stored in a hidden filed in hashed format (which I have discussed later) still it can be easily trapped.
• It does not have any support on mobile devices.

ASP.NET Interview Questions C# Interview Questions

"Eka Dishecha Shodh"

Eka Dishecha Shodh - A Message to Indian Youth

One of my friend gave me a book called "Eka Dishecha Shodh" .
When I started reading that book, I never know that I am living in country where everything is messed up, we are not in the specific direction of growth.Author of that book Mr. Sandip Waslekar written his experiences across many countries in the world. He asked the youth of India to think, act and aware the situation in India as compare to other countries.
Author plotted some striking aspects that we all people must pay an attention in upcoming years.He suggested improvements in mindset of each indivisual in country (which is almost impossible!!!).

Everyone farmers, government employees, politicians, workers and all people should partcipate in growth of country. We will responsible to situation is going to come in upcoming years. Many factors are really thoughtful in this book. Like, India China relationship is going to be harden as days are passing.

Author described that what makes china to dilute peace in India. From this factor, we come to know why India have to act wisely in each step of world politics.
 The problem between India and China can be lead to a third world war.

Politicians in India are treated like a god. Politicians in other countries are servants of people and in India this is completely different. Government spends lots of public money to provide high class facilities to politicians.

 Author gave example of britains ex president Tony Blair. When he completed his years in service as prime minister of UK,he travelled to his city via train like other normal citizen.
No high class facilities is provided to him after his retirement from politics. His family members are living like other middle class families. In contrast, once our politician grabs a seat, they start to involve their own family members in politics.

    Lots of aspects have been explained in this book.

I could not write each one. I suggest you all to read this book and open your eyes before time gets passed.

Why Study C lanuage?

Why Study C lanuage?

>I believe that nobody can learn C++ or Java directly. This is because while learning these languages you have things like classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism, templates, exception handling, references, etc. do deal with apart from knowing the actual language elements. Learning these complicated concepts when you are not even comfortable with the basic language elements is like putting the cart before the horse. Hence one should first learn all the language elements very thoroughly using C language before migrating to C++, C# or Java. Though this two step learning process may take more time, but at the end of it you will definitely find it worth the trouble.

>C++, C# or Java make use of a principle called Object Oriented Programming (OOP) to organize the program. This organizing principle has lots of advantages to offer. But even while using this organizing principle you would still need a good hold over the language elements of C and the basic programming skills.
Though many C++ and Java based programming tools and frameworks have evolved over the years the importance of C is still unchallenged because knowingly or unknowingly while using these frameworks and tools you would be still required to use the core C language elements—another good reason why one should learn C before C++, C# or Java.

>Major parts of popular operating systems like Windows, UNIX, Linux is still written in C. This is because even today when it comes to performance (speed of execution) nothing beats C. Moreover, if one is to extend the operating system to work with new devices one needs to write device driver programs. These programs are exclusively written in C.

>Mobile devices like cellular phones and palmtops are becoming increasingly popular. Also, common consumer devices like microwave oven, washing machines and digital cameras are getting smarter by the day. This smartness comes from a microprocessor, an operating system and a program embedded in this devices. These programs not only have to run fast but also have to work in limited amount of memory. No wonder that such programs are written in C. With these constraints on time and space, C is the language of choice while building such operating systems and programs.

>You must have seen several professional 3D computer games where the user navigates some object, like say a spaceship and fires bullets at the invaders. The essence of all such games is speed. Needless to say, such games won't become popular if they takes a long time to move the spaceship or to fire a bullet. To match the expectations of the player the game has to react fast to the user inputs. This is where C language scores over other languages. Many popular gaming frameworks have been built using C language.
At times one is required to very closely interact with the hardware devices. Since C provides several language elements that make this interaction feasible without compromising the performance it is the preferred choice of the programmer.

...I hope that these are very convincing reasons why one should adopt C as the first and the very important step in your quest for learning programming languages.

C# Interview Questions

General Questions:

1. Does C# support multiple-inheritance?
   No.
    
2. Who is a protected class-level variable available to?
   It is available to any sub-class (a class inheriting this class).
    
3. Are private class-level variables inherited?
   Yes, but they are not accessible.  Although they are not visible or accessible via the class interface, they are inherited.
    
4. Describe the accessibility modifier “protected internal”.
   It is available to classes that are within the same assembly and derived from the specified base class.
    
5. What’s the top .NET class that everything is derived from?
   System.Object.
    
6. What does the term immutable mean?
   The data value may not be changed.  Note: The variable value may be changed, but the original immutable data value was discarded and a new data value was created in memory.
    
7. What’s the difference between System.String and System.Text.StringBuilder classes?
   System.String is immutable.  System.StringBuilder was designed with the purpose of having a mutable string where a variety of operations can be performed.
    
8. What’s the advantage of using System.Text.StringBuilder over System.String?
   StringBuilder is more efficient in cases where there is a large amount of string manipulation.  Strings are immutable, so each time a string is changed, a new instance in memory is created.
    
9. Can you store multiple data types in System.Array?
   No.
    
10. What’s the difference between the System.Array.CopyTo() and System.Array.Clone()?
    The Clone() method returns a new array (a shallow copy) object containing all the elements in the original array.  The CopyTo() method copies the elements into another existing array.  Both perform a shallow copy.  A shallow copy means the contents (each array element) contains references to the same object as the elements in the original array.  A deep copy (which neither of these methods performs) would create a new instance of each element's object, resulting in a different, yet identacle object.
     
11. How can you sort the elements of the array in descending order?
    By calling Sort() and then Reverse() methods.
     
12. What’s the .NET collection class that allows an element to be accessed using a unique key?
    HashTable.
     
13. What class is underneath the SortedList class?
    A sorted HashTable.
     
14. Will the finally block get executed if an exception has not occurred?­
    Yes.
     
15. What’s the C# syntax to catch any possible exception?
    A catch block that catches the exception of type System.Exception.  You can also omit the parameter data type in this case and just write catch {}.
     

What's the difference between a programming language, a scripting language?

What's the difference between a programming language, a scripting language?

The main difference between a "programming language" (C, C++ etc.) and a "scripting language" (ASP, JSP, JavaScript, VBScript) is that code written in a programming language needs to be compiled before it is run. Once it is compiled, it can be run any number of times. Scripting languages, on the other hand, are interpreted at run-time. This means that every time you want to run the program, a separate program needs to read the code, interpret it, and then follow the instructions in the code. Compiled code has already been interpreted into machine language, so it is will typically execute faster because the conversion into machine language has already been done. --Vanesh.